The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
A Nostalgic Kitchen Gadget with Lasting Appeal
Past Events
An inexpensive yet necessary kitchen equipment that has been around since the 19th century is the citrus peeler. With the increasing availability and popularity of citrus fruits, especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s, people started looking for an easy way to peel them. The thick rinds of oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits were easily sliced through by the early citrus peelers, which were frequently constructed of metal and had sharp hooks or blades.
As home cooking became more common around the middle of the 20th century, citrus peelers’ appearance changed. Plastic peelers were first produced by companies such as Tupperware, which gained popularity because to its robustness and user-friendliness. These peelers were more comfortable to hold since they frequently had ergonomic features. These retro peelers’ simplified, vibrant shapes became famous, capturing the inventiveness and optimism of the post-war period.
Application
The main purpose of a citrus peeler is to remove the outer rind of citrus fruits without contaminating the inner flesh. Conventional peelers frequently feature a small blade or pointed end that slices the skin, enabling sectional skin removal. A spoon-like end that lifts the peel away from the fruit is another feature on some peelers.
Citrus peelers have evolved into useful instruments over time. Although they are most frequently used to peel oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, they can also be used to peel other fruits and vegetables with comparable skins, make garnishes, and zest citrus for cooking. Professional chefs and family cooks alike love citrus peelers for their effectiveness and simplicity of use.
History
The durability and ease of use of the citrus peeler have left a lasting legacy. Old citrus peelers, particularly those from the middle of the 20th century, are now sought-after collectibles because of their nostalgic appearance and usefulness. These tools bring back memories of a bygone era when kitchen appliances were made to last and combined design and function in a way that contemporary products frequently try to imitate.
Even with the availability of contemporary kitchen appliances and peelers, the traditional style of the vintage citrus peeler is still in demand. This classic tool is still in use in kitchens all across the world, demonstrating the enduring appeal of well-designed tools. Old citrus peelers are a treasured element of culinary history, valued by collectors and foodies for their unique combination of elegance, history, and utility.
Last Words
It’s astounding to consider the lengthy and fascinating history of something as basic as a citrus peeler. These tiny gadgets, preserved by their classic style and usefulness, are more than just kitchen equipment; they are relics from our culinary history. Thus, the next time you discover one in your drawer, consider it more than simply a piece of metal or plastic—consider it a piece of history that is continuing to function, one orange peel at a time.
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